Nordic Geospatial Blog –


March 11, 2011

Earthquake – Sendai Japan resources

UPDATE 20111011
Excellent Japanese Gov’t. summary of the ‘Road to Recovery’
http://www.kantei.go.jp/foreign/incident/pdf/road_to_recovery.pdf

UPDATE 20111002
Compelling new PBS NOVA documentary – Japan’s Killer Quake
http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/earth/japan-killer-quake.html

http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/insidenova/author/callum-macrae/

and USC resources fyi

http://www.tsunamiresearchcenter.com/news/earthquake-and-tsunami-strikes-japan/

Technical study of Seaside OR risk analysis
Probabilistic tsunami hazard assessment at Seaside, Oregon, for near- and far-field seismic sources

UPDATE 20110801
Local Japanese citizenry take radiologic sensing into their own hands in the wake of bureaucratic government and power industry collusion and criminal negligence via @nytimes -

http://www.nytimes.com/2011/08/01/world/asia/01radiation.html

Excellent Ushahidi and crowd sourced map and sensor resources -

http://japan.resiliencesystem.org/hotspot-map-japan-ushahidi

http://www.sinsai.info/ushahidi/main

UPDATE 20110629
ESRI US Nuclear Proximity Map
http://www.esri.com/mapping-for-everyone/nuclear-plant-proximity-map/index.html

UPDATE 20110509

http://reliefweb.int/node/400614

Source: Agence France-Presse
Country: Japan
By Frank Zeller (AFP)
ISHINOMAKI, Japan — It oozes and reeks and sometimes it shimmers in oily rainbow colours. Millions of tonnes of putrid mud now fill every nook and cranny of Japan’s tsunami disaster zone.
Volunteers who have spent weekends shovelling it out of survivors’ half-wrecked homes have developed an intimate relationship with the muck that soils their overalls, gloves and workboots.
“It looks like layered chocolate cake, but it smells like a mix of saltwater and oil,” said Masato Arima, 35, a Tokyo project manager with a financial services firm, wearing a yellow hardhat and industrial facemask.
Joji Hiratsuka, another volunteer working in the devastated port town of Ishinomaki with aid group Nadia, has a different take on the stuff.
“It’s like rancid Jell-O. It’s black. You can’t describe the smell — oil, dead fish, everything. There’s petroleum from cars, boats and oil tanks. It’s not organic. It’s like the ocean, but in a bad way.”
Ishinomaki is littered with dramatic evidence of the March 11 quake and the monster wave it spawned that erased entire neighbourhoods here and left almost 25,000 people dead or missing along the shattered Pacific coast.
Cars now stick out at odd angles from a graveyard, watched over silently by stone Buddhas. Fishing boats lie scattered amid broken houses. And a Statue of Liberty figure towers oddly over a debris-strewn river island.
But while bulldozers and cranes will eventually remove the large-scale wreckage of Japan’s epic catastrophe, clearing the mud from thousands of homes is a job that must be done by hand, one scoop at a time.
“Someone has to do it,” said Christine Lavoie-Gagnon, whose volunteer group Nadia (a name that means “Hope”) took more than 100 people by bus to the town in the just-ended “Golden Week” of public holidays.
“People here have had the shock of their lives, something that only happens once every 1,000 years,” she said. “They’re left with their sorrow and fatigue — and lots of mud in their houses.
“Money is good, but they also need hands. Three of us came in the beginning, and now there are lots of us. We have people from Asia, Europe and the Americas. Hands don’t have nationalities.
“We come back so people don’t feel alone with their mud. We do whatever they ask us to do.”
The gritty labour has made the volunteers appreciate their day jobs — many of them are traders, brokers and staff at major global financial institutions. Yet most of them have kept coming back for more.
“The insides of these houses look like they went through a mixer,” said Hiratsuka, 49, a Canadian derivatives trader and ice hockey player dubbed “the human bulldozer” by his team-mates.
“We come and help people clean out their houses. They may not even be able to live there again, but it gives them breathing space. An elderly couple can’t dig through a tonne of dirt. They need help.”
There are better and worse days.
“One day we found about 20 kilograms (45 pounds) of chicken buried in the mud. It had been there for about three weeks, it was fermented and slimy,” Hiratsuka said, clearly not relishing the memory.
The more rewarding finds are families’ mementos and keepsakes — photographs, religious icons, urns with relatives’ ashes — that volunteers sometimes find in the mud, clean up and return to the families.
The job is not just about muscle power, but also emotional support.
Mother-of-two Yukako Ishikawa was so moved by the group’s help in her half-destroyed childhood home that she likened the motley crew of workers in outdoor wear and hazmat suits to a flock of deities.
“When I was alone here, I felt so much fear,” said Ishikawa, 36, who survived the tsunami when she took her young children and elderly parents to a nearby elementary school building with only minutes to spare.
Her family shuddered for days in the darkness and cold, waiting for help. Desperate for food, Ishikawa waded back through waist-deep water to salvage drink bottles, cans and plastic-sealed food from the flooded kitchen.
As the muddy waters receded, she returned to the two-storey house, the detritus of their former lives now a jumbled and soggy mess, wondering if and when she could start to reclaim her life.
“I was alone here in a house full of mud,” she said, as volunteers around her filled wheelbarrows and sandbags with black earth, cleaned hand-carved window frames and restored a small Japanese garden.
“They helped me through the hard time. Now I feel I can move forward.”

Copyright © 2011 AFP. All rights reserved.

UPDATE 20110505
IAEA – Situation at damaged Japanese nuclear plant remains ‘very serious’ – UN official says
http://reliefweb.int/node/400284

UPDATE 20110418
IAEA Update for Fukushima radiologic crisis and reactors -

UPDATE 20110415
http://www.trust.org/alertnet/news/factbox-japans-disaster-in-figures/

April 14 (Reuters) – The following lists the impact of the earthquake and tsunami that hit northeast Japan on March 11 and the subsequent crisis at a nuclear power plant. Asterisk indicates a new or updated entry.
DEATH TOLL * A total of 13,498 people were confirmed dead by Japan’s National Police Agency as of 7 p.m. (1000 GMT) on Thursday, while 14,734 were missing.
NUMBER OF PEOPLE EVACUATED * About 139,100 people were in shelters around the country as of Thursday following evacuation, the National Police Agency said. The government has set up an evacuation area around Tokyo Electric Power Co’s quake-stricken nuclear plant in Fukushima 240 km (150 miles) north of Tokyo, with a 20-km (12-mile) radius. More than 70,000 people lived in the largely rural area within the 20 km zone. It is unclear how many of them have been evacuated, but most are believed to have left. Another 136,000 people were within a zone extending a further 10 km, which has been advised to stay indoors. The government said on April 11 that because of accumulated radiation contamination, it would encourage people to leave certain areas beyond its 20 km exclusion zone around the plant and that children, pregnant women, and hospitalised patients should stay out of some areas 20-30 km from the nuclear complex.
HOUSEHOLDS WITHOUT ELECTRICITY * As a result of the March 11 quake and tsunami, followed by strong aftershocks on April 7 and 11, a total of 154,965 households in the north were still without electricity as of Thursday, Tohoku Electric Power Co said.

HOUSEHOLDS WITHOUT WATER

* At least 220,000 households in 8 prefectures were without running water as of early on Thursday, the Health Ministry said.

NUMBER OF BUILDINGS DAMAGED
* At least 72,554 buildings have been fully destroyed, washed away or burnt down, the National Police Agency of Japan said as of 1000 GMT on Wednesday.

IMPACT ON ECONOMY The government estimates the material damage from the quake and tsunami alone could top $300 billion, making it by far the world’s costliest natural disaster.

The top estimate would make it the world’s costliest natural disaster.

The estimate covers damage to roads, homes, factories and other infrastructure, but excludes lost economic activity from power outages and costs arising from damage to the Fukushima nuclear power plant, as well as the impact of swings in financial markets and business sentiment.

The yen initially spiked to a record high against the dollar after the quake, prompting the first joint intervention by the Group of Seven rich nations in 11 years to help shield Japan’s export-reliant economy.

Japan’s reconstruction spending will almost certainly exceed that of the 1995 quake in Kobe, when the government needed extra budgets of more than 3 trillion yen.

The government is set to compile an extra budget worth about 4 trillion yen, focusing on removing debris, building temporary housing and restoring infrastructure such as schools. Japan plans to allocate 1 trillion yen to stem job losses and help the unemployed, the Nikkei business daily reported on Tuesday.

This is likely to be the first of several spending packages, but cabinet ministers, including the finance minister, have said that Japan, which has a huge public debt already twice the size of its $5 trillion economy, should avoid new bond issuance.

NUMBER OF COUNTRIES OFFERING AID
According to the Foreign Ministry, 135 countries and 39 international organisations have offered assistance. (Compiled by Tokyo Political and General News Team)

UPDATE 20110414

UPDATE 20110327
Terrifying

Brookings Oregon

UPDATE 20110319
Excellent Google 3D post EQ/tsunami damage assessment resource – go to

KML file http://bit.ly/dWb6bz

UPDATE 20110317

Post blast aerial video from above the stricken reactor in Tohoku/Sendai

UPDATE 20110315
Excellent Google and Harvard data collections and portals for Sendai/N Japan crises -
http://cegrp.cga.harvard.edu/japan/?q=webmaps

http://www.google.com/crisisresponse/japanquake2011.html

State of CA Tsunami Inundation maps – review and fwd for reparedness
http://www.conservation.ca.gov/cgs/geologic_hazards/Tsunami/Inundation_Maps/Pages/Statewide_Maps.aspx

University of Hawaii Geography Prof. Mary McDonald reviews the geographic swath of damage to lives and critical infrastructure (CIKR)

Google Maps photos
http://bit.ly/mapjapanphotos

http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/video/2011/mar/11/japan-earthquake-tsunami-video

http://osmemo.wizu.jp/
東北沖震災情報サイト sinsai.info

http://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/shakemap/global/shake/c0001xgp/download/c0001xgp.kml

http://hexpo.jrc.ec.europa.eu/Yuriage.kmz

https://spreadsheets.google.com/ccc?key=0AvqW9SP46JHLdEpiZ3N6eVpVaGx0WDlwZkJJclBIX0E&hl=en&authkey=CKqZ1OwL

http://disaster.nlm.nih.gov/dimrc/earthquakes.html

http://japan.person-finder.appspot.com/?lang=en

ICRC
http://www.icrc.org/Web/doc/siterfl0.nsf/htmlall/familylinks-japon-eng

http://www.esri.com/services/disaster-response/japan-earthquake-tsunami-
2011-map/resources.html

Google.org Crisis Response has created a 2.8GB portable globe for
response teams. It includes:

- 15-meter resolution LandSat imagery (source data from GLS-2000, circa 2000)
- OSM road layers
- Zenrin POI and Road vector layers

Please contact me, Pablo Mayrgundter (pmy@google.com) or Ryan Falor
(rfalor@google.com) for information.

We’ll also be working on updates in the next few days as we get new
data that can be shared. Our next update is anticipated in ~2 hours
and will include:

- 90-meter resolution global terrain from SRTM

The area of coverage of the globe is defined by this KML:

http://www.sigacts.com/d/JapanPolygon.kml

which can be viewed here:

http://maps.google.com/maps?f=q&source=s_q&hl=en&geocode=&q=http:%2F%2Fwww.sigacts.com%2Fd%2FJapanPolygon.kml&aq=&sll=38.822591,-95.712891&sspn=42.738967,92.724609&ie=UTF8&z=4

More about portable globes:

http://www.google.com/enterprise/earthmaps/portable.html

This should work immediately if you already have GEEP.

Non-profits humanitarian responders can apply for a grant and we’ll do
our best to expedite.

http://www.citizencommandcenter.org/items/show/4686

October 27, 2010

News & Tools – Indonesia Volcano – Mt. Merapi & Tsunami – Mentawai Islands

UPDATE 20101030
PDC’s Online SE Asia Disaster Map – OSO-Map
http://www.pdc.org/osamap/html/osamap-init.jsp

UPDATE 20101029
Google KML file of Mt Merapi Evacuation centers – many thanks to Gayatri Indah Marliyani (gayatri_indah@yahoo.com – SDSU VizLab & InRelief assoc.)
http://www.nordicgeospatial.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2010/10/20101027_MerapiEvacuationShelter.kml

Latest WHO Indonesia Situation Report – very comprehensive
http://www.reliefweb.int/rw/rwb.nsf/db900sid/EGUA-8ANRWT/$File/full_report.pdf

Mentawai Islands (off Padang, Sumatra) Tsunami Resources – English
US Pacific Disaster Center (PDC Maui HI) Interactive Map
http://www.pdc.org/atlas/

& PDF Map
http://www.reliefweb.int/rw/fullmaps_sa.nsf/luFullMap/EF87046CDA59D1F9852577C9004F2593/$File/map.pdf?OpenElement

US NASA Map -
http://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/NaturalHazards/view.php?id=46607&src=nhrss

Donate to SurfAid -
http://www.surfaidinternational.org/you-can-help/donate.html

Mt. Merapi Volcano -
US State Dept. HIU Map –
http://www.reliefweb.int/rw/fullmaps_sa.nsf/luFullMap/25AB253F90228528852577C9006E493D/$File/map.pdf?OpenElement

Resources in Bahasa Indonesian -
http://www.slemankab.go.id/peta-sarpras-2010.slm/peta-sarpras
Note: ‘EWS awan panas’ is simply abbreviation of Early Warning System of hot clouds (pyroclastic flow, sometime referred to as ‘Merapi type nuee ardente’), while ‘EWS Lahar Dingin’ means the location of tool for detect cold lahar (volcanic debris flow).

Evac Shelter Info
http://merapi.combine.or.id/baca/1244/info-barak-pengungsian.html

Google Docs Datasheet
https://spreadsheets.google.com/pub?key=0AmZHu0Os76fNdEs5MkZYdm9lYVJhMjNzUXpYcjN2emc&hl=en&gid=1

Video
http://video.tvone.co.id/arsip/view/45073/2010/10/26/pasca_gempa_72_sr_mentawai_diterjang_tsunami/

April 26, 2006 Merapi Volcano, Java

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mount_Merapi

April 19, 2010

Tools – NW China Earthquake – Qinghai

NW China quake resources

New imagery
http://www.google.com/relief/qinghaiearthquake/

Maps
http://www.zki.dlr.de/applications/2010/china/186_en.html

Maps, Data and POCs
http://www.un-spider.org/page/3455/spaceaid-available-space-based-resources-earthquake-nw-china

March 1, 2010

News – Chilean Earthquake & A California Preparedness Study

20100321
It can happen here … California Earthquake Preparedness Report and Presentations
http://www.calema.ca.gov/WebPage/oeswebsite.nsf/Content/876105A2B46EFBBE882576D6007969A7?OpenDocument

Resources
Gov’t of Chile SITREP Summary (En Espanol)
http://www.reliefweb.int/rw/rwb.nsf/db900sid/FBUO-835DCZ?OpenDocument&RSS20&RSS20=FS

Ushahidi Chile SMS to Map Tool (En Espanol)
http://chile.ushahidi.com/

ODI – HPG
Evidence-Based Decision-Making in Humanitarian Assistance
http://www.reliefweb.int/rw/lib.nsf/db900sid/VVOS-826N8U/$file/odi_dec2009.pdf

Land Tenure & Uncharted Territory: Land, Conflict and Humanitarian Action
http://www.reliefweb.int/rw/lib.nsf/db900sid/ASAZ-7Y4SB2/$file/ODI-HPG_Nov2009.pdf

Informative whitepaper on resiliant health sector from Baystate Health (R. Skinner et al 2006)
http://www.comcare.org/uploads/Baystate%20White%20Paper%20(2).pdf

Interesting US DoD Table Top exercise using an Earthquake Scenario in the Central USA
http://www.nationaldscatraining.army.mil/WorkShop/Files/2010_dsca_earthquak_ttx.aspx

Video of Aerial Imagery
English

Espanol

January 14, 2010

Tools – Haiti Earthquake response and recovery

UPDATE 20100712

Doctors Without Borders / MSF Report – Haiti Six Months Later
http://maps.msf.at/Haiti-Six-Months-Later/wp-content/uploads/2010/06/haiti_six_months_EN_LOW.pdf

& Map (note: Spanish & French versions)
http://maps.msf.at/Haiti-Six-Months-Later/?lang=en

UPDATE 20100423
New World Bank Reconstruction Guide
http://www.preventionweb.net/english/professional/publications/v.php?id=12229

UPDATE 20100302
02.19.10 – USAID-DCHA Haiti Earthquake Mapbook38

International Organization of Migration (IOM) KML and JPEG links
http://groups.google.com/group/cccmhaiti/web/mapping-and-gis?_done=%2Fgroup%2Fcccmhaiti%3F

UPDATE 1500 GMT 20100219 -
ERDAS Data Links and Viewer
http://www.erdas.com/HaitianRelief/tabid/327/Default.aspx

http://apollopro.erdas.com/apollo-client/index.jsp?fullscreen=true

Potential Flooding 10 meter DEM (Digital Elevation Model) – warning: large < 2.8 GB
http://maps.geography.uc.edu/~cgn/maps/Haiti/imagery/waspftp.cis.rit.edu/LiDAR_Rasters_DEM_SEM/DEM/contours/accum_8bit.tif

Resulting Raster Images/Maps from Chris Nicholas at UN-SPIDER
http://maps.geography.uc.edu/~cgn/maps/Haiti/imagery/ASTER_accum.png
2m, Jacmel
http://maps.geography.uc.edu/~cgn/maps/Haiti/imagery/Jacmel_accum.png
2m, Leogane
http://maps.geography.uc.edu/~cgn/maps/Haiti/imagery/Leogane_accumulation.png
10m PaP
http://maps.geography.uc.edu/~cgn/maps/Haiti/imagery/PaP_accum.png

IDP Camps as of Jan 18 with Population Estimates
http://maker.geocommons.com/maps/11262

UPDATE 1500 GMT 20100130 -
The Guardian UK – How to build a crisis reporting system – Lessons learned from Haiti
http://www.guardian.co.uk/news/datablog/2010/jan/29/haiti-crowdsourcing

James Dobbins of RAND testifies before the Senate Foreign Relations Committee on Haiti
http://www.rand.org/pubs/testimonies/CT339/

InRelief.org portal with live maps, UAV video, consolidated tweets, etc.
http://haiti.inrelief.org

WIRED Magazine’s DangerRoom covers SDSU’s VizLab and UAV aerial imagery
http://www.wired.com/dangerroom/2010/01/video-fix-navy-spyplane-tracks-haiti-airdrop/

NY Times Overview of pre- and post-quake imagery at significant sites
http://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2010/01/14/world/20100114-haiti-imagery.html

WIRED Magazine reviews the power of post-quake LIDAR 3D data (via UN SPIDER )
http://www.wired.com/wiredscience/2010/01/haiti-3d-flyover/all/1

CrisisCommons RSS Project for Haiti
http://wiki.crisiscommons.org/wiki/Haiti_RSS_Feed_Challenge

US PKSOI (Peacekeeping & Stability Operations Institute) SOLLIMS (Stability Operations Lessons Learned Information Management System
http://www.pksoi.org/

UPDATE 1900 GMT 20100126 -

Jan 19-21 3D LIDAR Image of IDP Site Evolution

Jan 19-21 3D LIDAR Image of IDP Site Evolution

Wired Magazine’s The Danger Room reports on laptops and GPS clearing the port in PaP
http://www.wired.com/dangerroom/2010/01/repairing-port-au-prince-harbor-with-laptops-and-gps/

UN Shelter Cluster (IOM et al)
http://groups.google.com/group/shelterhaiti2010

UNOCHA
http://ochaonline.un.org/

USAID
http://www.usaid.gov/helphaiti/

Haiti Crisis Map – Telescience with all imagery
http://hypercube.telascience.org/haiti/

UPDATE 2100 GMT 20100125 -
Strategic view of rebuilding Haiti from the Royal Institution of Chartered Surveyors
http://www.caribbeanconstruction.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=226:haiti-building-mission&catid=5:general-news&Itemid=3

http://www.rics.org/disastermanagement

UPDATE 2100 GMT 20100124 -
Excellent UN portal
http://oneresponse.info/Disasters/Haiti/Pages/default.aspx

UPDATE 1400 GMT 20100121 -
An excellent one stop shop – the Sahana Portal and Geo viewer
http://haiti.sahanafoundation.org/prod/
http://haiti.sahanafoundation.org/prod/gis/map_viewing_client

UN Cartographic Section Data and Maps
http://www.un.org/Depts/Cartographic/english/htmain.htm
ftp://157.150.195.135/Maps/DamageAssessment/

Pacific Disaster Center (Maui, HI) resources
http://www.pdc.org/atlas/

Thompson Reuters AlertNet
http://www.alertnet.org/

USGS
http://edcftp.cr.usgs.gov/pub/data/disaster/201001_Earthquake_Haiti/docs_misc/

UN OCHA Haiti
http://oneresponse.info/Disasters/Haiti/MapCenter/Pages/GIS.aspx

UPDATE 1300 GMT 20100120 -
US Navy Topo Map & GEOINT products (PDF, JPG, and GeoPDF formats) are available
http://egeoint.nrlssc.navy.mil/smts/HaitiMaps/

Los Angeles County Fire Search and Rescue updates
http://www.fire.lacounty.gov/haiti.asp

UPDATE 1200 GMT 20100119 -
Ushahidi, iRevolution on CNN
http://blog.ushahidi.com/index.php/2010/01/18/ushahidi-fletcher-situation-room-update/

UN SITREPS here
http://www.reliefweb.int/rw/rwb.nsf/db900sid/VVOS-7ZUJKN?OpenDocument&RSS20&RSS20=FS

All NGO et al partners can join the US DoD SOUTHCOM APAN (All Partners Access Network) to collaborate and get the latest GEOINT and logistics updates – an excellent resource.
http://www.southcom.mil/AppsSC/APAN.php

Logistics Map Resources
http://www.logcluster.org/tools/mapcentre/map-resources

WHO PAHO
http://twitter.com/pahoeoc
http://new.paho.org/disasters/?lang=en

Delta State University in Mississippi (POC Talbot Brooks – tbrooks@deltastate.edu ) has created hi-res imagery PDF maps with MRGS grids and is pushing WMS GIS data feeds
http://mississippi.deltastate.edu/data/haiti/Map_Products/

1000m WMS

http://greatriver.deltastate.edu/arcgis/services/Haiti/Haiti_MGRS_1000m_All/MapServer/WMSServer

1000m WFS

http://greatriver.deltastate.edu/arcgis/services/Haiti/Haiti_MGRS_1000m_All/MapServer/WFSServer

MGRS 100m grids – Port Au Prince

WMS Service

http://greatriver.deltastate.edu/arcgis/services/Haiti/Port_au_Prince_MGRS_100m/MapServer/WMSServer

WFS Service

http://greatriver/arcgis/services/Haiti/Port_au_Prince_MGRS_100m/MapServer/WFSServer

UPDATE 1900 GMT 20100114 –
ESRI ArcGIS Online Data
http://www.arcgisonline.com/home/group.html?owner=esri_event&title=Haiti%20Earthquake

Google KML file from DirectAction showing damage levels in central Port-au-Prince
http://www.directrelief.org/uploadedFiles/Google_Earth/Haiti%20Emergency%20Map%20with%20DRI%20Points.kmz

JRC Landslide Risk Map
http://www.gdacs.org/documents/JRC_slopemap_20100114.pdf

ReliefWeb map of damage to Port-au-Prince
http://unosat.web.cern.ch/unosat/asp/prod_free.asp?pid=1407

UPDATE 1800 GMT 20100113 –
New Google KML hi-res (house level), post quake IMAGERY (thank you HIFLD)
CLICK HERE

Geospatial Tools
http://geoss.esri.com/geoviewer/

http://www.esri.com/services/disaster-response/index.html

https://cop.vdem.virginia.gov/viper/

Data & Maps
http://haiti.sahanafoundation.org/prod/gis/map_service_catalogue

http://www.reliefweb.int/rw/dbc.nsf/doc108?OpenForm&emid=EQ-2010-000009-HTI&rc=2

http://www.un-spider.org/?q=page/3166/un-spider-update-haiti-earthquake

http://unosat.web.cern.ch/unosat/asp/prod_free.asp?id=52

http://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/catalogs/

http://www.disasterscharter.org/web/charter/home

Other Tools
http://haiti.ushahidi.com/main

Video
Empivot and sustainable housing & shelter that could help inform the rebuilding of Haiti
WHO (OMS) Health Action for Haiti Earthquake Survivors (in French)

UN SPIDER Space Application Matrix


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